Everything in the universe is either a potato, or not a potato.

Then there is also "a piece of paper with a written text with undeniable argumentation" within the universe that says that your paper is wrong. That would mean that neither paper could be 100% correct.

Everything in the universe is either a potato, or not a potato.

There are not infinite numbers between 0 and 1. There is almost infinite, but if you can declare the boundary's of a group of numbers, then they can't be infinite. They start here, and end here.
1 fallacy report.
False Analogy

Death row inmates should be used for scientific experiments instead

By being used in experiments, they may die in a more painful way. In death row, we already break some human rights, including the right to life. Do we really need to break more, such as the right to not being tortured?

If abortion is acceptable, it's acceptable that all human life is not equal.

The baby is still in the mother's womb, and therefore, as they are connected to the mother, they are part of the mother. Does cutting off your toenails declare that all human life is not equal?

Transgender people should not share locker rooms or public restrooms with those whom they simply identify as

You just took place in the debate by saying that.

Time must be a loop, or else it could not exist.

Because if time is not a loop, then there must be a beginning of time, and a beginning of time can't exist, because if so, what is before time? Nothing could have caused the beginning of time, because that nothing can happen without time. If it was a loop, time would cause time to begin.

Death row inmates should be used for scientific experiments instead

They should have the choice: If they would rather die, then they have the right to die. If they would rather be experimented on, then they can have that option. It should be up to them.

There are only two genders

There are three: Male, Female, And transgender. People who are one thing but say they are another are not transgender, they are whatever they are, not what they say they are, but people with male and female parts are transgender, not male or female.

Torture should be used as a criminal punishment.

Then the punishers and the people who allow the torture to happen would be no better than the people who commited the crime, and would deserve to be tortured themselves.

Police brutality is out of control in the United States

They have to be at least a little brutal, because that they may have to deal with people who are extremely brutal themselves, and in order to face brutality, sometimes you need to be brutal.

All foods besides vitamins and calorie-dense paste should be abolished

This is taking away from other's happiness, as many people enjoy eating food, and will also cause many people to lose their jobs. This would also cause a food shortage, as a lot of food is unhealthy.

Illegally downloading copyrighted music and other files is morally wrong.

Then the people who have made this content are not being paid, and if too many people get it illegally instead of paying for it, it can cause them to have to find another job.

Students should be allowed to bring their mobile phones to school.

They should have to leave them in their lockers during class unless specifically told so by the teachers, and should only use them during break.

The First Amendment allows public schools to stop students from presenting ideas that promote the use of illegal drugs at school/school events.

Students also have freedom of speech and the freedom to express their ideas, meaning that the school can not prevent them from promoting the use of illegal drugs at school. They can only not allow the use of illegal drugs, not the promotion of illegal drugs.